The widespread popularity of mindfulness is growing exponentially. However, what do we really know about how it can help us stay focused, resist distraction, and bounce back from mistakes? What is more – what is really meant by the term “mindfulness”? In this talk, Dr. Moser will review findings from our lab in the Neuroscience Program of the Department of Psychology as well as those of others to bear on these questions. Dr. Moser will highlight some promising results as well as the limits of our knowledge so far, with our enthusiasm likely outpacing the scientific knowledge base.